基于变形场测量数据主元压缩的模型参量反求方法

利用主元分析法对数字图像相关技术所测结构变形信息进行数据压缩,并进一步用于力学模型未知参量的反求计算。首先,为降低数字图像相关技术所测庞大数据的应用成本,提出利用主元分析法对结构表面变形场数据进行压缩,实现在保留结构表面变形信息主要特征的前提下显著降低数据量的目的;其次,针对压缩后的数据建立了基于最小二乘法的力学模型参量反求模型,并利用高斯牛顿法进行求解;最后,以具体算例从计算精度、收敛速度和抗噪性等方面验证了数据压缩对模型参量反求的效果。研究结果表明,所提方法在显著降低使用数据量的前提下,能够有效提高力学模型参量反求计算的收敛速度,特别是对于包含多个模型参数的反求问题,具有较高的精度和较好的稳定性。     

Open channel turbulent flow over hemispherical ribs

This paper reports an experimental investigation of open channel turbulent flow over hemispherical ribs. A row of ribs consists of hemispheres closely placed to one another in the spanwise direction and cover the entire span of the channel. The pitch-to-height ratio is varied to achieve the so-called d-type, intermediate and k-type roughness. The Reynolds numbers based on water depth, h, and momentum thickness, θ, of the approach flow are respectively, Re_h = 28,100 and Re_θ = 1800. A particle image velocimetry is used to obtain detailed velocity measurements in and above the cavity. Streamlines, mean velocity and time-averaged turbulent statistics are used to study the effects of pitch-to-height ratio on the flow characteristics and also to document similarities and differences between the present work and prior studies over two-dimensional transverse rods. It was observed that interaction between the outer flow and the shear layers generated by ribs is strongest for k-type and least for d-type ribs. The results also show that hemispherical ribs are less effective in augmenting flow resistance compared to two-dimensional transverse ribs. The levels of the Reynolds stresses and budget terms increase with increasing pitch-to-height ratio inside the roughness sublayer.     

Identification of stiffness, dissipation and input parameters of randomly excited non-linear systems: Capability of restricted potential models (RPM)

A dynamic identification technique in the time domain for time invariant systems under random external forces is presented. This technique is based on the use of the class of restricted potential models (RPM), which are characterized by a non-linear stiffness and a special form of damping, that is a product of the input power spectral density (PSD) matrix and the velocity gradient of a non-linear function of the total mechanical energy. By applying stochastic differential calculus and by specific analytical manipulations, some algebraic equations, depending on the response statistics and on the mechanic parameters that characterize RPM, are obtained. These equations can be used for the dynamic identification of the above mechanic parameters once the response statistics of the system to be identified are evaluated. The proposed technique allows one to identify single-degree-of-freedom or multi-degrees-of-freedom systems in the case of unmeasurable input. Further, the probabilistic characteristics of the external forces can be completely estimated in terms of PSD matrix.     

一种舰船变形测量方法的研究与应用

以舰船船体结构、惯性导航系统、被试导航设备以及天文经纬仪为物理对象，提出了一套利用光学系统原理和计算机图像处理技术对联合基座进行水平变形测量的方法，解决了各设备因安装位置的不同所造成的安装基座间产生的水平变形量问题。     

The low Reynolds number turbulent flow and mixing in a confined impinging jet reactor

Turbulent mixing takes an important role in chemical engineering, especially when the chemical reaction is fast compared to the mixing time. In this context a detailed knowledge of the flow field, the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and its dissipation rate is important, as these quantities are used for many mixing models. For this reason we conduct a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a confined impinging jet reactor (CIJR) at Re = 500 and Sc = 1. The data is compared with particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements and the basic flow features match between simulation and experiment. The DNS data is analysed and it is shown that the flow is dominated by a stable vortex in the main mixing duct. High intensities of turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation are found in the impingement zone which decrease rapidly towards the exit of the CIJR. In the whole CIJR the turbulence is not in equilibrium. The strong mixing in the impingement zone leads to a rapid development of a monomodal PDF. Due to the special properties of the flow field, a bimodal PDF is generated in cross-sections downstream the impingement zone, that slowly relaxes under relaminarising conditions. The time required for meso-mixing is dominating the overall mixing performance.     

等达因图象的自动采集与识别

文中提出了一种机机械扫描系统．小功率激光器、图象板、相移元件、微机和程序软件组成的等达因图象自动采集与处理系统，用灰度值比较的思想实现了等达因图象的跟踪采集。提出了四幅图象相移法实现等达因图象的自动识别。系统能快速、实时、精确和全自动地实现等达因图象的记录和分析。给出与物体内各点应力状态一一对应的位相图。并用来研究了其他实验方法困难的局部三维效应问题。     

一种通过改进Canny算子提取光弹条纹骨架线的方法

光弹性法是确定应力集中系数的有效手段，在实际工程中应力参数都是通过分析光弹干涉条纹图获得的，由于光弹干涉条纹图的复杂性，且影响成像质量的因素较多，因此如何从光弹干涉条纹图中撇开其复杂性，较高精度的提取骨架线，是一项较困难的工作，本文提出一种由改进的Canny算子对条纹方位图进行直接运算提取光弹条纹骨架线的算法，实验表明此方法对光弹条纹图很有效。     

Strain analysis for moiré interferometry using the two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform

In this paper, we introduce the two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform for the automated strain analysis of the moiré interference fringe pattern. The Fourier transform method has been widely used for automated analysis of an optical interference fringe pattern. However, this method is hardly applicable to the analysis of the fringe pattern, which includes large displacement range or discontinuities. We show the advantages of the wavelet transform method by applying it to experimental results on composite laminates.     

Investigation on time scales in a low Reynolds number jet flow using particle-tracking velocimetry

The near flow field of an axisymmetric water jet at Reynolds numbers between 2000 and 5000 is investigated using Particle-Tracking Velocimetry. Measurements are taken in the longitudinal section (along the mean flow) and in cross-sections (orthogonal to the mean flow). From the former, correlation coefficients of the two in-plane velocity components in a Lagrangian framework are obtained: thus Lagrangian integral scales can be computed. Those of the streamwise velocity (axial) component increase on moving away from the centreline, whereas the opposite happens for the vertical velocity (radial) component: integral time scales of the two components are almost equal at the interface between jet and ambient fluids. On the other hand, integral scales are almost constant or increase slightly with the axial direction. In cross-sections, fluid ejection and injection from the jet centreline are observed to be connected to counter-rotating vortices (mushroom): their number and size change with Reynolds number in agreement with results from other authors. The maximum ejection velocity (orthogonal to the mean jet flow), at 3 nozzle diameters downstream of the outlet, is found to be one half of the mean outlet velocity.     

Shape memory behavior in Fe3Al-modeling and experiments

The Fe₃Al alloy with D0₃ structure exhibits large recoverable strains due to reversible slips. Tension and compression experiments were conducted on single crystals of Fe₃Al, and the onset of slip in forward and reverse directions were obtained utilizing high-resolution digital image correlation technique. The back stress provides the driving force for reversal of deformation upon unloading, resulting in a superelastic phenomenon as in shape memory alloys. Using density functional theory simulations, we obtain the energy barriers (GSFE – generalized stacking fault energy) for {1?1?0}〈1?1?1〉 and {1?1?2}〈1?1?1〉 slips in D0₃ Fe₃Al and the elastic moduli tensor, and undertake anisotropic continuum calculations to obtain the back stress and the frictional stress responsible for reversible slip. We compare the theoretically obtained slip stress magnitudes (friction and back stress) with the experimental measurements disclosing excellent agreement.